# Is the black brane picture at strong string coupling?

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As far as I am aware there are two pictures of branes:

• for $g_SN\gg1$: branes as solitonic solutions to the field equations of supergravity (i.e. black branes)
• for $g_SN\ll1$: branes as fundamental objects, on which we can build $\sigma$-models (e.g. the fundamental string).

where $g_S$ is the string coupling and $N$ is the units of flux or number of branes in a stack.

My understanding is that these two are seen as complementary pictures of the same objects, e.g. a condensate of fundamental $p$-branes turns into a black brane. However, I am not sure whether the black brane picture is valid at strong string coupling too. Some seemingly incompatible excerpts from the literature:

• In Maldacena's 1997 paper, it is mentioned that the black brane limit $g_SN\gg1$ is understood to be at small $g_S$. Indeed, in the classical review hep-th/9905111, the limit is written as $N>g_SN\gg1$ to emphasise this.
• From Clifford Johnson's D-brane primer: $g_SN\gg1$ "corresponds to either having $N$ small and $g_S$ large, or vice versa".

So I am not sure what to believe: are black branes (as solutions to supergravity) at small $g_S$, or at large $g_SN$ with $g_S$ free to take any value (as long as $g_SN\gg1$)? I see reasons for both:

• Since we are talking about (10-d) supergravity solutions, we ought to be at small $g_S$ (in addition to small $\alpha'$), since SUGRA is the low-energy limit of string theory (which is perturbative in $g_S$). However, I guess as we increase $g_S$ we would simply go to 11-d SUGRA, so perhaps $g_S$ need not be small?
• In the black brane picture, the branes backreact so much that they create the geometry. This makes sense if $g_S$ is large. Also, the large $g_S$ argument seems to me to be at the heart of entropy calculations of black holes.

Or is the whole point that (some) branes are BPS objects? And so even if originally the SUGRA solutions were at small $g_S$ (since it is SUGRA we're talking about), they are protected objects and we may follow them at strong coupling too, and so effectively the black brane picture is valid at any $g_S$?

Many thanks.

asked May 24
edited May 24

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