# Matrix Model in AdS/CFT & exact results

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Matrix models appeared in the context of AdS/CFT while trying to calculate the Circular Wilson Loop. It was first noted by Erickson, Semenoff & Zarembo [hep-th/0003055] that the 2-loop contribution to the circular Wilson Loop canceled exactly and they conjectured that all the contributions for the ladder diagrams where equivalent to a Gaussian Matrix Model.

Later in a work by Drukker, Gross [hep-th/0010274] they showed that there was an anomaly involving the large conformal transformation mapping the line (1/2 BPS) to the circle which was the reason why the Gaussian Matrix Model arose. They solve the matrix model for all N finding:

$\langle W_\textrm{circle} \rangle = \frac{1}{N} L_{N-1}^1(-\lambda/4N) \exp[\lambda/8N]$

Where $L_n^m(x)$ is the Laguerre polynomial. All of this was later explained by Pestun in terms of localization.

At the moment I'm reading this paper by Hubeny, Semenoff where they are trying to utilize this result but for the hiperbola. In equation (11) they present the result, stating that "(the result) can be modified to obtain in the Lorentzian case":

$W[x_0, \tilde{x}_0] = N L_{N-1}^1\left(\frac{\epsilon^2}{N} (M \tau_p)^2\right) \exp\left(\frac{\epsilon^2}{2N} (M \tau_p)^2 \right)$

Where the change was: $\lambda \mapsto \frac{-\lambda \tau_p^2}{\pi^2 u_h}$

Using the definition of $\epsilon = \frac{\lambda E^2}{4\pi^2 M^4}$, $u_h = \frac{M^2}{E^2}$ and $\tau_p$ is some cutoff to avoid the divergence due to the infinite extension of the hyperbola branch.

My question is the following:

This modification is presented as obvious but how would someone come up with that?, how does that condition over lambda assures us that we are switching from the circle: $x_0 ^2 + x_1^2 = R^2$ to the hyperbola $x_0^2 - x_1^2 = R^2$?

This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2016-10-15 13:00 (UTC), posted by SE-user Jasimud

analytic continuation to imaginary $x_1$?
Could you please elaborate around his detailed explaination before (11) ? He says that the construction is not specific to the circle but follows the constancy of the contribution of vector and scalar propagators between any two points on the trajectories. "Then ... one can sum rainbow ladder diagrams of the type depicted in (any) figure". Perhaps, this is checkable in the elaboration of $\langle W_\textrm{circle} \rangle$ ...
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